Nothing Essays (1070 words) - Real Estate, , Term Papers

Nothing A real estate investment trust, or REIT, is a company that buys, develops, manages and sells real estate assets. There are three types of REITs; they are equity REITs, mortgage REITs, and hybrid REITs. An equity REIT is a corporation that purchases, owns and manages real estate properties; it does not own or originate real estate loans. It may also develop properties. A mortgage REIT is a corporation that purchases, owns and manages real estate loans; it does not own real estate properties. It may or may not originate commercial and/or residential loans. A hybrid REIT is a corporation that purchases, owns and manages both real estate loans and real estate properties. It has the qualities of both an equity and mortgage REIT which is why it is referred to as a hybrid. One of the most distinguishing characteristics of a REIT is that they are required to distribute at least 95% of taxable income to shareholders. REITs allow participants to invest in a professionally-managed portfolio of real estate assets. This is important because prior to Congresss creation of REITs only extremely rich individuals were able to benefit from ventures in the real estate market. By pooling assets together in a manner similar to that of a mutual fund, REITs allow the everyday investor the chance to invest in real estate properties. The main benefit of a REIT is that it is exempt from double taxation. The normal corporation is taxed on earnings, and then when dividends are paid, the individual receiving the dividend is taxed. REITs can deduct dividends distributed from taxable income. This results in only one level of taxation. The main disadvantage of a REIT is that since nearly all earnings are distributed as dividends, the trust must find capital to reinvest into the business from other areas. These funds are usually raised by investments in the market, and through the capital gains realized from the sale of the REITs assets. The second method by which REITs procure capital to reinvest into the business raises an accounting issue regarding the classification of assets. Currently, the buildings and property that REITs utilize to raise income are classified as property, plant, and equipment. However, it can be argued that these assets should be classified as inventory. The accounting definition of property, plant, and equipment specifies those properties of a durable nature used in the regular operations of the business. These assets consist of physical property such as land, buildings, machinery, furniture, tools and wasting resources. With the exception of land, most assets are either depreciable (such as buildings) or consumable (such as timberlands). These properties do reasonably fall into this category, especially in the cases where the REIT is involved in managing the property and receives revenue from rents. The definition for inventory relates to asset items held for sale in the ordinary course of business or goods that will be used or consumed in the production of goods to be sold. It can also be reasonably justified that these assets fall into this category, this is the nature of REITs, to buy and sell real estate. This is a gray area in which reasonable people can disagree. It is my opinion that these assets should be classified according the companys honest intent for its use. Many REITs own and operate apartment complexes and have no intent to sell the property, but are content to manage the units and collect rent. In these types of cases the property is not being sold but leased. Therefore, PP&E would be the appropriate classification, similar to the method that car rental agencies use. But, if the company intends to improve and sell the property then the property should be inventory. This method would be similar to method by which securities investments are accounted for. Depending on the companys intent, securities can be classified as held-to-maturity, available for sale, or marketable securities. Since all these properties are currently classified as property, plant, and equipment, the issue of depreciation becomes important. If these properties were classified as inventory, then all maintenance and repairs would expensed as incurred, and no depreciation would be recognized. However, as property, plant, and equipment, maintenance and repairs would be capitalized and depreciation

Hare and the Tortoise Essays

Hare and the Tortoise Essays Hare and the Tortoise Essay Hare and the Tortoise Essay Unlike animals, humans are a strange case of self-conscious beings. We can ask questions about ourselves, we can deliberate about others. We form opinions and judgments about others whereas animals are content on feeding themselves and they do not even ask questions about themselves. This is the primary source of the emergence of the human identity. Who am I? is the question that encompasses our identity. But ironically while we call it the I or me, we often fail to realize that a large portion of it is in fact constructed by others- their opinions, ideas, and experiences. Human life and human personality are nothing but a gradual development through the accumulation of knowledge through the various Ways of Knowing (Emotion, Perception, Logic Language). They work collectively through an external medium to form human life and personality. Which of these Ways of Knowing does a novel use? Which Ways of Knowing does scientific psychology use? The answer lies before us! While novels employ all the four ways in great depth, scientific psychology employs mainly logic. Upon reflecting on this alone, one would have to agree to Noam Chomskys claim. From the very beginning, we are brought up with nursery rhymes and fairy tales. Though not evidently, these do give a child a vague concept of what human behavior is like and what generally life is all about from the very start. For instance; the jealous step-mother in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs portrays and emotion Jealousy that every human being undergoes at some stage in life. The Hare and the Tortoise teaches us that Slow and steady wins the race. : The Fox and the Grapes where the fox, upon failing to reach the grapes hanging high up on a vine says The grapes are sour anyway Though Psychology may term this phenomenon rationalization or reduction of cognitive dissonance, the story originated in much simpler terms and in colloquial speech this story refers to most people who after losing deny the intention to win altogether. 1 Hence, besides human behavior, the stories that we have been brought up with also impart the various lessons in life. One would never see a child learning through scientific psychology. The stories, nursery rhymes and fairy tales that we are exposed to in the initial stages of our life are definitely involved in forming the fundamental concepts of human life, personality and behavior. Autobiographical novels are when Emotions and Logic are brought forward through the medium of Language which we then Perceive as we delve into the protagonists life and experiences; this is when one can truly acquire knowledge. In some cases, the author may try to explain a psychological term through the help of a story. For example, D.H. Lawrences Sons Lovers portrays Freuds concept of the Oedipus Complex. Though unbelievable this phenomenon is very common in a place like India where men in their thirties still live with their mothers and in due time, become so dependent on them that they begin to find similar qualities in their lovers. Many novels that are read are third person narration omniscient. The fact that they are omniscient helps us to understand the different emotions that the characters feel and what causes them. Hence, one can get a true understanding of life and personality through logical deductive reasoning. Apart from learning about human life and behavior, novels, much like scientific psychology also help to explore the various myths and instincts embedded deep in our psyche. The Hero Myth for example, which is seen in many a novel. We humans are beset with brokenness and imperfection and are constantly in search of an Ideal Self, the person we all want to be. But society pressures and our own sense of adapting as well as fitting brings us to a realization that the above can only be an ideal case and never a real one. Just like the hero myth, the Mother Myth and the Jealous Romeo myth are also very commonly incorporated in novels. What we read greatly affects our subconscious, to which we then react with what we would term instincts. This also answers the fundamental question in ToK How can we know without knowing that we know? Art is an Area of Knowledge that is grouped in the category of creativity. But TS Eliot in his essay Tradition and the individual talent states that even art is greatly influenced by the artists traditions, experiences and moreover what he reads. No poet, no artist of any art, has his complete meaning alone.2 Novels in a similar way affect our understanding of the other various Areas of Knowledge. Until recently, consciousness which is a great part of psychology was not much studied by the Natural Sciences; it was considered philosophy. Scientific psychology has one immense drawback, that of being non-emotive. Stuart Sutherland wrote in the International Dictionary of Psychology Consciousness is a fascinating but elusive phenomenon; it is impossible to specify what it is, what it does, or why it evolved. Nothing worth reading has been written about it.3 The fact that nothing has been written about it shows how non-emotive psychology really is. Moreover even if there were something substantial written about it, it is not accessible to everyone and not many people would bother to research as much as they would read novels. But when they do come across a concept in a novel, they are left with no choice but to find out what it is all about and that is hen they would consider taking the pains to research on that particular topic which they would not otherwise.

3 Personal Branding Tips for Enhancing Your Elevator Speech

3 Personal Branding Tips for Enhancing Your Elevator Speech Dorothy Tannahill-Moran over at CareerRealism, has some great tips for presenting  yourself  in a succinct, persuasive and professional manner!1. Develop Your  Email SignatureAlas the days of clipart and ~~~~~~+~~~~~~+~~~~+ are gone (or should be, seriously), but if you arent taking advantage of your email clients signature function to end every email with your name, job title, and contact info (including any networking-friendly social media profiles), youre missing an opportunity. Tannahill-Moran recommends using a signature as a venue for your elevator pitch; Id say keep it short and sweet like a resume objective line.2. Use Your Business Card as a Sales ToolI love this tip- I have a book project in the works and I actually made separate business cards for it, with an image and title on the front and a description in the back. You could condense your elevator pitch onto the back of your business cards or distill it down into a line between your name and contact info.3. Linked In ProfileThis is an obvious one- you can decide whether you include your elevator pitch like a mini cover letter or feature it as the first comment in the summary section. This allows recruiters and hiring managers to quickly scan your profile and identify what you have to offer and what youre looking for.  How To Extend Your Personal Brand With An Elevator Speech  Read More at Careerealism

1. Review of Diesel 2. Review of Hydrogen Essay

1. Review of Diesel 2. Review of Hydrogen - Essay Example The invention of Diesel was financed by M. A. N. of Augsburg (Mathur and Sharma 2000). Diesel has a boiling range of about 180Â °C to 300Â °C. It is widely used because it is cheap and has better thermal efficiency. Today Diesel is produced in three ways: Petroleum Diesel, Synthetic Diesel and BioDiesel. 1. Petroleum Diesel: Petroleum diesel is also called as Fossil Diesel. This diesel is produced from fractional distillation of crude oil. The supply of petroleum diesel is fast depleting and hence the search for other types is becoming all the more important. 2. Synthetic Diesel: Synthetic diesel is made by processing natural gas through a technology which converts the natural gas into Synthetic Diesel. Synthetic diesel is free from sulphur and provides numerous other environmental benefits over petroleum diesel. Synthetic diesel is cleaner, cleaner-burning and can be formulated for superior cold weather performance. The following diagram shows the emission reductions compared to typical California diesel: 3. Biodiesel: Biodiesel is a renewable diesel fuel substitute. It can be made from a variety of natural oils and fats. Biodiesel is made by chemically combining any natural oil or fat with an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol. Methanol has been the most commonly used alcohol in the commercial production of biodiesel (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, May 1998). The diesel cycle is the theoretical cycle for slow speed compression-ignition or diesel engines. In a diesel cycle the heat is added at constant pressure. The pressure drop at the end of expansion is still at constant volume. This cycle is shown in the following T-s diagram. The process 1-2 is reversible adiabatic (isentropic) compression of air. Heat is then added at constant pressure, represented by 2-3. In actual engine heat addition takes place in the form of injection of fuel which self-ignites due to high temperature caused by high compression

Party Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Party Press - Essay Example Mass media refers to the transfer of knowledge and information to an unlimited mass audience. Phones or cell phones may not usually be considered as a mass medium; this is because telephones are the device meant for only two way communication between two or more than two people. Previously there have been only six categories of mass media; that is, Print, Recordings, Cinemas, Radio, Television and the Internet. Now a new category has been introduced in the mass media, which are cell phones. Cell phones are now being considered as the seventh mass media channel; also called as digital media. Cell phones are the only mass media that are always carried by the user. They also provide nearly 100% accuracy regarding the audience and that every content that has ever passed through the device could be traced back; whether it is calls, messages, or any other media content such as movies, videos, or music. In ancient times the Church was the sole source of information for the people. The Churc h had the complete power over the minds of the citizens and was very powerful. They were the ones responsible to disintegrate the information in whatever form and style that suits them. After the Gutenberg’s invention of metal movable type, books became widely available. They were then the source of knowledge and information. ... The 1960s saw the first innovation in the form of open reel audio tapes; then came the C-cassettes and music cartridges in the 1970s and later in 1990s the MP3 files were the new digital storage medium for music. The records were not only limited to music storage but also provided storage for videos and movies. In the 1970s, movies started appearing in video cassettes. Later recording also expanded to include categories such as computer programs, video games and TV shows. Due to these advancements the music industry also evolved to include the pop music, besides the orchestra. Cinemas were introduced in the 1910s as the third mass media channel. Watching a movie in cinemas is an exhilarating experience for many. Movies were the first mass media that involved moving images and pictures. The visual effect they created was unmatched by any other mass media. At first movies were thought as means that could diminish the value of books. But this was not the case. Some of the best sellers w ere converted into movies, while in other cases the best of the Hollywood movies were written in print. Not only books and novels, but comics were also made into super-hit films, such as Superman, Batman, and Spiderman etc. The radio became the next mass media. With the invention of radio, came a concept of broadcast schedule and audience were required to listen to the shows when they were aired, and not just as they wished; as was the case in all the previous mass medias. It became the channel for commercial communication and brought its audience a wide range consisting of news, information, dramas, music, debate etc. Radio first brought the concept of breaking news; disseminating news and information as it is happening. Radios were sustained by

The Study and Findings of Climatology in Nepal Essay -- Climae Environ

The Study and Findings of Climatology in Nepal In many areas in Nepal, the history of climatology only dates back to 1956. Around this time, the Indian Meteorological Department instituted stations in various areas around the country, which were eventually taken over by the Nepalese government in 1966. Having these stations in place has given scientists significant insight into the Nepalese climate. However, some of the Indian equipment remained in the Nepalese stations, and unfortunately many Indian findings vary significantly from the Nepalese records of the same areas. Therefore, some information is unreliable, coupled by the fact that not all stations have operated since the start of the program (Thyer, 645). However, there are other sources of NepalÕs climate history, like extracts from articles written by climatologists from other countries, like Japan, the US, Germany, and France (Thyer, 645). Nepal is a small country, land-locked between India and the Tibet region of China in South America. It is 900 kilometers from east to west, and 150 to 250 kilometers from north to south (Spence, 223). Nepal is home to eight of the ten highest mountain peaks in the world, most notably Mount Everest, which lies at 8,848 meters. In contrast, some of the areas that are situated lower in Nepal are only about eighty meters above sea level. Clearly, Nepal has much climate variation; in fact, the climate progresses from tropical to arctic within a 200-kilometer area from south to north (Agrawala, 12). There are five geographical regions in Nepal (though, sometimes the mountain regions are grouped together as one). The Terai plain is the southernmost strip, bordered to the north by the Himala... ... Works Cited Agrawala, Shardul, Vivian Raksakulthai, Marteen van Aalst, Peter Larsen, Joel Smith, and John Reynolds. Development and Climate Change in Nepal: Focus on Water Resources and Hydropower. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2003. Spence, Captain F.S. Himalayan Survey. The Geographical Journal. Vol.153, No.2. July 1987. Thyer, Norman. Looking at Western NepalÕs Climate. The University of Calgary. June 1985. Unknown-1. Introductions about Nepal: Geography and Climate. Himalayan Dreams.com http://www.himalayandreams.com/climate.html Unknown-2. Nepal Weather. Adventure Travel with iExplore. 2007. http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Nepal/Weather+and+Climate Unknown-3. Kathmandu Climate and Weather. Globe Media Ltd., 2007. http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/Nepal/Kathmandu/Climate

Enviromental Effects of Air Pollution and the Urban Area

Air pollution has been and is a growing environmental problem that is closely related to the growth of urban settlements. While the cities and towns of the world grow larger they emit more and more toxic emissions are put out into the air. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues that surround air pollution such as the long term impacts of air pollution, the short term impacts of air pollution, the long term outlook of air pollution, the short term outlook of air pollution and the potential solutions to the air pollution problem. Air pollution is an environmental problem that affects each and every one of us to some degree and it is important to understand why air pollution happens and how we can take steps to control it. Air pollution has a direct connection with urban environments all over the world. With an increase in industrialized countries ,the of use of cars, factories and also the use of fuels such as fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gasses, like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, into the air, there has been a definite rise in air pollution over the world (Mayer, 1999). There are many short term effects that air pollution causes to the urban areas and to the people who are living in those areas. The first short term effect of air pollution is that it can cause health issues for the inhabitants of the area. Air pollution can cause the inhabitants to get itchy throats and irritated eyes. It also has been linked to causes bronchitis and pneumonia (Silverman, et al, 2007). Short term air pollution exposer can also cause an increase the rate of allergy infections and asthma diagnosis to the people who live in the area. The short term effects on environment range from smog clouds can cause the health issues, like the ones previously mentioned (Silverman, et al, 2007). There are also long term effects of air pollutions that are very serious to the environment and the people who live in high polluted areas. Long term air pollution exposer can have devastating effects on the health of the people who live in the area. Some of the health risks that have been linked to long term exposer consist of chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the brain, kidney’s or liver (Mayer, 1999). Children who are living in a highly polluted area risk developing theses diseases at a higher rate the normal children who do not have long term exposed to air pollution. Long term air pollution also has devastating effects on the environment. One of the more serious effects is that air pollution is slowly deteriorating the Ozone layer. The Ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and it plays an important role in protecting the earth from the suns ultraviolent rays. Due to the increase in greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, the Ozone has developed holes and this allows harmful ultraviolet B-radiation to reach the earth. The increase of B-radiation is harmful to humans, plants and animals, and it is a known cause of Melanoma. The increase of B-radiation is always extremely harmful to plants. It causes a decrease in plant growth, height and damage to the leaves of plants (Tong, 2011). There are some potential ways to reduce, but not fully solve, the air pollution problem that is effect most urban areas. One of the ways that the countries around the world have decided to reduce air pollution was in 1997 at a United Nations conference in Kyoto, Japan. During the conference countries signed a treaty, the Kyoto Protocol promising to combat global warming by reducing the emission s of harmful greenhouse gasses that a produced my industrial factories. Unfortunately, claiming that that the treaty was not in the best interest for their county, the United States did not sign the treaty (Murray, 2001). Another potential way to reduce air pollution is through technology advancement. Using the new technologies to replace fossil fuels, such as coal burning and oil use, would substantial lower the gas emissions that cause air pollution and eventually cause the ozone layer to deplete. The short term outlook of air pollution on urban society is somewhat hopeful. Many cities and countries have begun or are beginning to take action in reducing the amount of pollution that is released into the air by the industries, cars and citizens. Many cities have started using different sources of energy, like solar power, in place of the fossil fuel energy sources that are the main contributors to air pollution. The long term outlook of air pollution is that, with many countries pledging to reduce the pollution over the coming years, the levels of air pollution will be lower in the future. Unfortunately, there is much debate over how greenhouse gases affect the ozone layer and global warming. Until this debate is over and people can agree, not enough action will be taken to help reduce the air pollution in the urban setting.