The Study and Findings of Climatology in Nepal Essay -- Climae Environ

The Study and Findings of Climatology in Nepal In many areas in Nepal, the history of climatology only dates back to 1956. Around this time, the Indian Meteorological Department instituted stations in various areas around the country, which were eventually taken over by the Nepalese government in 1966. Having these stations in place has given scientists significant insight into the Nepalese climate. However, some of the Indian equipment remained in the Nepalese stations, and unfortunately many Indian findings vary significantly from the Nepalese records of the same areas. Therefore, some information is unreliable, coupled by the fact that not all stations have operated since the start of the program (Thyer, 645). However, there are other sources of NepalÕs climate history, like extracts from articles written by climatologists from other countries, like Japan, the US, Germany, and France (Thyer, 645). Nepal is a small country, land-locked between India and the Tibet region of China in South America. It is 900 kilometers from east to west, and 150 to 250 kilometers from north to south (Spence, 223). Nepal is home to eight of the ten highest mountain peaks in the world, most notably Mount Everest, which lies at 8,848 meters. In contrast, some of the areas that are situated lower in Nepal are only about eighty meters above sea level. Clearly, Nepal has much climate variation; in fact, the climate progresses from tropical to arctic within a 200-kilometer area from south to north (Agrawala, 12). There are five geographical regions in Nepal (though, sometimes the mountain regions are grouped together as one). The Terai plain is the southernmost strip, bordered to the north by the Himala... ... Works Cited Agrawala, Shardul, Vivian Raksakulthai, Marteen van Aalst, Peter Larsen, Joel Smith, and John Reynolds. Development and Climate Change in Nepal: Focus on Water Resources and Hydropower. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2003. Spence, Captain F.S. Himalayan Survey. The Geographical Journal. Vol.153, No.2. July 1987. Thyer, Norman. Looking at Western NepalÕs Climate. The University of Calgary. June 1985. Unknown-1. Introductions about Nepal: Geography and Climate. Himalayan Dreams.com http://www.himalayandreams.com/climate.html Unknown-2. Nepal Weather. Adventure Travel with iExplore. 2007. http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Nepal/Weather+and+Climate Unknown-3. Kathmandu Climate and Weather. Globe Media Ltd., 2007. http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/Nepal/Kathmandu/Climate

Enviromental Effects of Air Pollution and the Urban Area

Air pollution has been and is a growing environmental problem that is closely related to the growth of urban settlements. While the cities and towns of the world grow larger they emit more and more toxic emissions are put out into the air. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues that surround air pollution such as the long term impacts of air pollution, the short term impacts of air pollution, the long term outlook of air pollution, the short term outlook of air pollution and the potential solutions to the air pollution problem. Air pollution is an environmental problem that affects each and every one of us to some degree and it is important to understand why air pollution happens and how we can take steps to control it. Air pollution has a direct connection with urban environments all over the world. With an increase in industrialized countries ,the of use of cars, factories and also the use of fuels such as fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gasses, like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, into the air, there has been a definite rise in air pollution over the world (Mayer, 1999). There are many short term effects that air pollution causes to the urban areas and to the people who are living in those areas. The first short term effect of air pollution is that it can cause health issues for the inhabitants of the area. Air pollution can cause the inhabitants to get itchy throats and irritated eyes. It also has been linked to causes bronchitis and pneumonia (Silverman, et al, 2007). Short term air pollution exposer can also cause an increase the rate of allergy infections and asthma diagnosis to the people who live in the area. The short term effects on environment range from smog clouds can cause the health issues, like the ones previously mentioned (Silverman, et al, 2007). There are also long term effects of air pollutions that are very serious to the environment and the people who live in high polluted areas. Long term air pollution exposer can have devastating effects on the health of the people who live in the area. Some of the health risks that have been linked to long term exposer consist of chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the brain, kidney’s or liver (Mayer, 1999). Children who are living in a highly polluted area risk developing theses diseases at a higher rate the normal children who do not have long term exposed to air pollution. Long term air pollution also has devastating effects on the environment. One of the more serious effects is that air pollution is slowly deteriorating the Ozone layer. The Ozone layer is found in the stratosphere and it plays an important role in protecting the earth from the suns ultraviolent rays. Due to the increase in greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, the Ozone has developed holes and this allows harmful ultraviolet B-radiation to reach the earth. The increase of B-radiation is harmful to humans, plants and animals, and it is a known cause of Melanoma. The increase of B-radiation is always extremely harmful to plants. It causes a decrease in plant growth, height and damage to the leaves of plants (Tong, 2011). There are some potential ways to reduce, but not fully solve, the air pollution problem that is effect most urban areas. One of the ways that the countries around the world have decided to reduce air pollution was in 1997 at a United Nations conference in Kyoto, Japan. During the conference countries signed a treaty, the Kyoto Protocol promising to combat global warming by reducing the emission s of harmful greenhouse gasses that a produced my industrial factories. Unfortunately, claiming that that the treaty was not in the best interest for their county, the United States did not sign the treaty (Murray, 2001). Another potential way to reduce air pollution is through technology advancement. Using the new technologies to replace fossil fuels, such as coal burning and oil use, would substantial lower the gas emissions that cause air pollution and eventually cause the ozone layer to deplete. The short term outlook of air pollution on urban society is somewhat hopeful. Many cities and countries have begun or are beginning to take action in reducing the amount of pollution that is released into the air by the industries, cars and citizens. Many cities have started using different sources of energy, like solar power, in place of the fossil fuel energy sources that are the main contributors to air pollution. The long term outlook of air pollution is that, with many countries pledging to reduce the pollution over the coming years, the levels of air pollution will be lower in the future. Unfortunately, there is much debate over how greenhouse gases affect the ozone layer and global warming. Until this debate is over and people can agree, not enough action will be taken to help reduce the air pollution in the urban setting.

Why Not Just Print More Money

If we print more money, prices will rise such that we’re no better off than we were before. To see why, we’ll suppose this isn’t true, and that prices will not increase much when we drastically increase the money supply. Consider the case of the United States. Let’s suppose the United States decides to increase the money supply by  mailing  every man, woman, and child an envelope full of money. What would people do with that money? Some of that money will be saved, some might go toward paying off debt like mortgages and credit cards, but most of it will be spent.   Wouldnt We All Be Wealthier If We Printed More Money? Youre not going to be the only one who runs out to buy an Xbox. This presents a problem for Walmart. Do they keep their prices the same and not have enough Xboxes to sell to everyone who wants one, or do they raise their prices? The obvious decision would be to raise their prices. If Walmart (along with everyone else) decides to raise their prices right away, we would have massive inflation, and our money is now devalued. Since we’re trying to argue this won’t happen, we’ll suppose that Walmart and the other retailers don’t increase the price of Xboxes. For the price of Xboxes to hold steady, the supply of Xboxes will have to meet this added demand. If there are shortages, certainly the price will rise, as consumers who are denied an Xbox will offer to pay a price well in excess of what Walmart was formerly charging. For the retail price of the Xbox not to rise, we will need the producer of the Xbox, Microsoft, to increase production to satisfy this increased demand. Certainly, this will not be technically possible in some industries, as there are capacity constraints (machinery, factory space) that limit how much production can be increased in a short period of time. We also need Microsoft not to charge retailers more per system, as this would cause Walmart to increase the price they charged to consumers, as we’re trying to create a scenario where the price of the Xbox won’t rise. By this logic, we also need the per-unit costs of producing the Xbox not to rise. This is going to be difficult as the companies that Microsoft buys parts from are going to have the same pressures and incentives to raise prices that Walmart and Microsoft do. If Microsoft is going to produce more Xboxes, they’re going to need more man-hours of labor and obtaining these hours cannot add too much (if anything) to their per-unit costs, or else they will be forced to raise the price they charge retailers. Wages are essentially prices; an hourly wage is a price a person charges for an hour of labor. It will be impossible for hourly wages to stay at their current levels. Some of the added labor may come through employees working overtime. This clearly has added costs, and workers are not likely to be as productive (per hour) if they’re working 12 hours a day than if they’re working 8. Many companies will need to hire extra labor. This demand for extra labor will cause wages to rise, as companies bid up wage rates in order to induce workers to work for their company. They’ll also have to induce their current workers not to retire. If you were given an envelope full of cash, do you think you’d put in more hours at work, or less? Labor market pressures require wages to increase, so product costs must increase as well. Why Will Prices Go Up After a Money Supply Increase? In  short, prices will go up after a drastic increase in the money supply because: If people have more money, they’ll divert some of that money to spending. Retailers will be forced to raise prices, or run out of the product.Retailers who run out of product will try to replenish it. Producers face the same dilemma of retailers that they will either have to raise prices, or face shortages because they do not have the capacity to create an extra  product and they cannot find labor at rates which are low enough to justify the extra production. Inflation is caused by a combination of four factors: The  supply of money  goes up.The supply of goods goes down.Demand for money goes down.Demand  for goods goes up. We’ve seen why an increase in the supply of money causes prices to rise. If the  supply  of goods increased enough, factor 1 and 2 could balance each other out and we could avoid inflation. Suppliers would produce more goods if wage rates and the price of their inputs wouldn’t increase. However, we’ve seen they will increase. In fact, it’s likely that they’ll increase to such a level where it will be optimal for the firm to produce the amount they would have if the money supply had not increased. This gets us to why drastically increasing the money supply on the surface seems like a good idea. When we say we’d like more money, what we’re really saying is we’d like more  wealth. The problem is if we all have more money, collectively we’re not going to be any more wealthy. Increasing the amount of money does nothing to increase the amount of  wealth  or more plainly the amount of  stuff  in the world. Since the same number of people are chasing the same amount of stuff, we cannot on average be wealthier than we were before.

The Study of Hebrew Diaspora - 1669 Words

As a classic example of diaspora, the Hebrew Diaspora is studied and questioned by many. Both the causes of and the consequences of the Hebrew Diaspora are two aspects of the event that, for most, have yet to be sufficiently answered. Having occurred many centuries ago in the past, the causes and consequences of the diaspora may seem to be of no importance, yet at second glance, one realizes that addressing these topics may be the key to accurately determining the modern effects of diaspora in general. However, before these two areas of concern can be addressed, we must first define the term â€Å"diaspora† as well as identify a working definition of a Jew. In Greek, â€Å"diaspora† means scattering or dispersion. (Jewishvirtuallibrary, pg1) Despite the fact that one can become a Jew through conversion to Judaism, for the sake of this essay, we shall identify a Jew as a descendent of the ancient Hebrews. Therefore, by combining these two definitions, we can define the H ebrew Diaspora as the dispersion of the Jewish peoples from their homeland. Now that we have defined the Hebrew diaspora, we can efficiently pinpoint its causes and consequences, both direct and underlying, and hopefully identify the modern consequences of diaspora through analysis of this classic example. About four millenniums ago, Jewish history began with its patriarchs: Abraham, son Isaac, and grandson Jacob. As described in the Book of Genesis, Abraham was summoned to Canaan to become the founder of aShow MoreRelatedJudaism : The Religious Life Of Israel1590 Words   |  7 Pagesasserts that both the The Torah, which is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, and the Oral Torah, which is the interpretive Talmud are authoritative regarding observance and Jewish doctrine, instructing modern Orthodox Jews to maintain and support ancient Jewish law. 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That was the beginning of the diaspora that Jews would know today as life. There were a lot more Diasporas in JewishRead MoreThe Birthplace Of Christianity : Israel1367 Words   |  6 Pagesas Canaan to the ancient Hebrews. Palestine s name was determined from the Philistines, a group of people who occupied the southern coastal part of the country in the 12th century B.C. A Hebrew kingdom, settled in 1000 B.C, was later broken into the kingdoms of Judah and Israel. They were later overrun by Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians, Persians, Romans, and Alexander the Great of Macedonia. By A.D. 135, few Jews were abandoned in Palestine; communities of the Diaspora. These communities wereRea d MoreJewish Migration And The Holocaust2907 Words   |  12 PagesWhile researching texts written about Jewish Diaspora, I came across many documentary publications on Holocaust. This tragic part of Jewish history is very well documented as opposite to the Jewish Migration. I found few authors who published articles and books on Impacts of the Holocaust on Jewish Migration. My goal in this research paper is to explore the topic of Jewish Migration by connecting it to the Holocaust. To achieve this goal, I have organized my paper in the chronological order. I haveRead MoreCovenant Theology: The Relationship of the Jewish People to God and Israel764 Words   |  3 Pagesrenewal of the homeland and Hebrew independence have we been able to reassess the Bible in its true, full light, suggesting the need for a material restoration of Israel to fully honor the three critical components of Jewishness: people, land, and book (Shapira 2004). The theology that exile was due to a moral flaw became less important, as the new Jewish people created a new society in the Holy Land, less tainted by the gentile customs acquired during the Diaspora. References Covenant. 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Not much is known as to how Paul’s family became Roman citizens, but Paul himself was identified as a â€Å"born citizen† (Acts 22:27-28). However, his lineage can be traced to the Hebrew tribe of Benjamin. In additionRead MoreThe Question Of Why The Term Son Of Man Was Used By Jesus1949 Words   |  8 Pagesbel ieve that the Daniel 7 linkage to Jesus’ use of Son of Man will justify an apocalyptic inclusion, these facts do not disbar Jesus’ present or future activities. Aramaic, Hebrew or Greek? The case of whether or not Hebrew or Aramaic was used by Jesus in the utterance of Son of Man is difficult to ascertain, since Hebrew was used simultaneously in worship while Aramaic was used in other daily living areas. Aramaic is considered to be the common language evidenced by the findings of documents

Is Fracking Safer Wastewater Injections Cause Human Made...

Annotated Bibliography Arizona State University. (2016, September 22). Research finds way to make fracking safer: Wastewater injections cause human-made earthquakes, but the risk can be reduced. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 24, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160922150659.htm The Arizona State University effectively relays the information from a research done to evaluate the use of fracking techniques in relation to the Texas earthquakes experienced in May of 2012. The research done by Shirzaei, Ellworth, Tiampo, Gonzalez, and Manga was done using InSAR a satellite-based radar, to learn the relation between the uplifting of the earth’s surface from the injection of fracking fluids to the seismic hazards it may cause.†¦show more content†¦A., Nagel, S. C. (2016). Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Oil and Natural Gas Operations: Potential Environmental Contamination and Recommendations to Assess Complex Environmental Mixtures. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(3), 256-264. doi:10.1289/ehp.1409535 Kiger, P. J. (2014, March 21). Green fracking? 5 technologies for cleaner shale energy. National Geographic. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2014/03/140319-5-technologies-for-greener-fracking/ Konkel, L. (2016). Salting the Earth The Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Wastewater Spills. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(12), A230-A235. doi:10.1289/ehp.124-A230 Lallanilla, M. (2015, January 23). Facts about fracking. Live Science. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/34464-what-is-fracking.html Marc Lallanilla, the assistant editor for Live Science, who is a Master s degree candidate from the Graduate journalism program in Science, Health and Environmental Reporting, at New York University that has also obtained a Master s degree in Environmental Planning from University of California at Berkeley and a Bachelor s degree in Environmental Geography, Communications from University of Texas at Austin, writes this article to help clarify some of the facts related to the fracking industry. He describes how the well is drilled and injected with fracking fluid under extreme pressure fracturing the surrounding rock containing the oil or gas. This in turn releases the

Sophomore English Exam Study Guide Free Essays

The Glass Menagerie- By: Tennessee Williams Setting- After the Great Depression, before World War II; 1937 In SST. Louis, Missouri The Way Tennessee Williams broke away from straight realist staging: 1 . Had his major character also be the narrator (Tom Winnfield) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Sophomore English Exam Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Incorporated a screen device into his plays to emphasize important details and actions on stage 3. Removed props 4. SE of lighting Problem with memory play: Details could be omitted or left out; biased, exaggerated details Symbolism- a person, place, or object that has its own meaning but can suggest other meanings as well Genre- Tragedy 3. Death off Salesman- By: Arthur Miller Genre- Tragedy Setting- Late sass’s; Brooklyn- Present; Boston- Flashback Tense- Past and Present Protagonist- Wily or Biff Loan Antagonist- Wily or Biff Loan American Dream- an antagonist dream This play attacks the materialistic aspect of the American Dream He believes the achievement of wealth and success without integrity Background information is given through flashback Flashback- action that interrupts to show an event that happened in an earlier time which is necessary for understanding Expressionism- when an artist distorts reality to create an emotional effect Parental Dilutions- parents who have high expectations set for their children 4. A Streetcar Named Desire- By: Tennessee Williams Setting- New Orleans, Louisiana; sass Protagonist-Balance Dubos Conflicts 1. Balance Vs.. Self 2. Balance Vs.. Stanley II. Short Answer The Glass Menagerie Techniques to break away from straight realistic staging 1. He had his major character also be the narrator (Tom Winnfield) 2. Incorporated a screen device into his plays to emphasize important details and actions on stage Key words he would want the audience to recognize 3. Removed props Distracting; Allows to concentrate more on character plot 4. Use of lighting Dimmed the lights; Low and hazy; Memory play Tennessee Williams used 4 different techniques to break away from straight realistic tagging and make his pays different than others. First, he made his main character in the play also be the narrator. In The Glass Menagerie, Tom Winnfield is both the main character and the narrator because it is his memory and told from his point of view. Also, he eliminated the use of props in some scenes. Williams believed props were a distraction and taking them away would help the audience focus on character development and plot. Tennessee Williams also used a screen device. The screen device displayed several words he would want the audience to recognize to guide them to think or feel a certain way. Lastly, he dimmed the lighting to create a hazy look. This lighting effect would help the audience remember the play was from memory. Death of a Salesman Techniques to distinguish past from present/reality from illusion 1 . Stage Directions/ Setting 2. Character’s Appearance and illusion. These techniques include character appearance, setting change, and stage directions. For example, young Wily Loan was very fast moving and energetic. However, old Wily Loan is grumpy, slow moving, and dull. An example of setting change would be from the Loan’s household to either Boston or a football field. Incorporated with setting change is stage directions. They indicate when the setting changes. For example, in the past, the Loan household was surrounded with many trees, leaves, and beautiful scenery. However, in the present, the house in surrounded by apartment buildings and the mood is dark and dull. Streetcar Named Desire Difference between this play and The Glass Menagerie with regards to the theme of illusion as an approach to reality The Glass Menagerie is hazy and filtered based off of memory. A Streetcar Named Desire is crude and more forward to reality. The Merchant of Venice Conflict/Resolution The conflict in The Merchant of Venice is that Bassoon is poor and needs Antonio help him woo Portia. Antonio can only turn to Shylock, who is Jewish and thus hated. Antonio has to sign away a pound of his flesh as a guarantee on Bassoon’s loan. Bassoon finally gets a go at Portia, but he’s got to pick the right casket. The resolution occurs when Portia reveals everything and Antonio is rich again. Portia accepts Notation’s apology and goes even further, ensuring that, even if he’s lost his friend, he’s got his money back. Ill. Long Answer 1 . Tragedy/Tragic Hero (A Streetcar Named Desire/Balance Dubos by Tennessee Williams) Balance Dubos is a tragic hero because she has a tragic flaw that ultimately leads to her downfall. Blanches flaw is her inability to accept reality or where she is right now. She lives her life in illusion to escape her reality. However, she is forced to face reality after her sister’s husband, Stanley, raped her. After this occurrence, Balance starts to go crazy and insane. She is sent to a mental institution. 2. Characteristics of a One Act Play (He Said She Said by Alice Greenberg) Origin- may be traced to the very beginning of drama Unities- conform to the Classical Unities of drama developed by the philosopher Aristotle; unity of time, unity of place, and unity of subject Unity of Time- He Said She Said takes place within 24 hours Unity of Place- He Said She Said takes place in one setting, the Helmsman’ household gossiping Time- usually between 10-40 pages long He Said She Said is 16 pages long Setting- one scene He Said She Said all takes place in the Helmsman’ living room Plot- simple; one of the most important elements to any play is conflict Gossiping Characters- differ from full-length plays in their scope; fewer characters or a more impel setting; focused on a main character and a single incident or goal; little time for subplots; usually 4 or less characters Felix, Enid, Mrs.. Packard, and Diana Exposition- most avoid extensive exposition In He Said She Said, it gives the background information that Felix and Enid Hellman have a great relationship. This is necessary for proper understanding because the plot is relevant Subtext- unspoken thoughts and motives of the characters?what they really think and believe; seldom breaks through the surface of the dialogue except in moments of extreme conflict; gives the performers something o do] Stage Direction- contains simple and direct stage direction 3. Motivation (Wily Loan/Death of a Salesman) Wily Loan’s death in Death of a Salesman is a result of his motivation. His motivation was his want to provide and supply for his family, and also his want to prove to Biff that he was right. Wily knew that if he died, his insurance money would be given to his family so they could live good, happy lives. Also, Wily wanted to prove to Biff that he was right about being personally attractive and liked was all that mattered. Through his death, Wily was hoping to show to Biff that he was right by a on of people showing up to his funeral. Also, Wily died with a sense of personal dignity, believing he was right all along. 4. Contribution of a Minor Character (The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams) Jim O’Connor, a minor character in The Glass Menagerie, helps contribute to the character development of Laura. Although he may be a minor character, his role in the play is necessary for plot development. He is the most realistic character in the entire play. He is a symbol of hope for Laura. Jim is the person that Laura and her family having been waiting for their whole lives because everything will change. 5. Dynamic and Static Character (A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams) Balance Dubos is a dynamic character in A Streetcar Named Desire. In the beginning, she used illusion to escape her reality. However, by the end of the play, she is forced to face reality when Stanley rapes her. From that point on, she was never the same. She went from being somewhat normal to completely insane. Stanley is a static character because throughout the play he remains the same. From start to finish, he is very aggressive and never liked Balance. 6. Foil Character Merchant of Venice is a comedy because it fits the characteristics 1 . Young lovers struggling to overcome obstacles 0 Jessica and Lorenz are madly in love and want to be together, but Jessica father, Shylock, is trying to do everything he can to keep them from marrying. Also, Bassoon and Portia marry. 2. Mistaken Identity 0 Jessica deceives her father when she disguises herself as a boy and runs off to marry Lorenz. Portia cross dresses as a male lawyer and shows up in the courtroom to defend Antonio 3. Clever plot twist with multiple plot lines 0 2 main plots: Bassoon’s adventure playing the lotto to win a rich wife, and Schlock’s recruits of Notation’s pound of flesh 4. Puns 0 Marriage; Just about everybody is married (Lorenz and Jessica) (Bassoon and Portia) Antonio is a comic hero because he has a minimal level of personal charm and worth of character who wins the audiences approval. The audience likes Antonio because he values friendship and love. Antonio is also a Christian which The Merchant of Venice favors Christians instead of Jews. Antonio is a worthy character because he risks his own life in the hands of Shylock to lend money to give to his best friend, Bassoon, to win Portrait’s heart. How to cite Sophomore English Exam Study Guide, Papers

Conceptual Framework Evaluation in Accounting System

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Framework Evaluation in Accounting System. Answer: Introduction: The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) serves as the technique of revised conceptual framework of accounting for superior financial reporting. The conceptual framework of accounting offers common financial reporting instances along with concepts of financial statement and fundamental accounting. The accounting frameworks such as IASB develops ways to explain accounting information, identify financial events and report them within accounting system (Cajaiba-Santana 2014). The accounting frameworks also facilitate development of assumptions regarding reasonable competence level on the behalf of the users in realizing the associated accounting matters. Accounting conceptual frameworks has a vital role in establishing and implementing the accounting standards that can be increasingly helpful in dissemination of significant accounting information. The conceptual framework of accounting indicates and contributes to the reveled mission of IFRS foundation including the board in order to develop standards of financial reporting that helps in bringing transparency, accountability and effectiveness within the financial markets all over the world (Macve 2015). Benefits of Accounting Conceptual Framework The exposure draft mentioned within IASB accounting standard indicted that the conceptual framework for financial reporting explains the objective and the concepts focused on the general purpose financial reporting. The benefits associated with accounting conceptual framework use are mentioned under: Accounting conceptual framework facilitates the board to implement standards those are relied on consistent concepts Accounting conceptual framework assists preparers to implement consistent accounting policies at the time no standard is applicable to specific event or transaction at the time accounting standards offers choice of accounting policies (Baumgartner 2014). Assist all the parties to realize and interprets the accounting standards Accounting conceptual frameworks has certain advantages for these companies those implements them. For instance, IFRS accounting standard is widely accepted as high quality and transparent international standards that facilitates companies in maintaining consistency and comparability. Companies those employ IFRS accounting standards can observe that their financial results can easily be compared for evaluating performance that can be reflected within the companys income statement (Henderson et al. 2015). Criticisms of Current Accounting Conceptual Framework The current accounting conceptual framework (2010) was criticized, as it did not offer a suitable framework for standard setting. Such insufficiency is observed by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standards that further turned out to be extremely rule-based. The Financial Accounting Standards Board has problems for the recent accounting standards did not facilitate companies to explain information those are interpretable and helpful for financial consumer (Cajaiba-Santana 2014). The recent accounting standards are criticized stating that these standards are becoming extremely rule-based that results the companies n structuring transactions in their own favor. This might hamper the users to gain adequate information for effective decision-making. Moreover, FASBs recent conceptual framework has also been disapproved of for remaining insufficient in directing the standard set (Henderson et al. 2015). Considering certain issues associated with the recent accounting conceptual framework requires being altered and it requires being changed in order to generate principal-based accounting standards those can be more useful in maintaining financial reporting transparency of companies. Reference List Baumgartner, R.J., 2014. Managing corporate sustainability and CSR: A conceptual framework combining values, strategies and instruments contributing to sustainable development.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,21(5), pp.258-271. Cajaiba-Santana, G., 2014. Social innovation: Moving the field forward. A conceptual framework.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,82, pp.42-51. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Macve, R., 2015.A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge.